Diesel engine



\( Aug. 23, 1932. w. G. GERNANDT DIESEL ENGINE Filed Aug. 27. 1928 WINVENTOR ATTORNEXS',

Y 30 signed a Patented Aug. 23, 1932 PATENT OFFICE WALDO G. GEBNAIN'DT,0.1 HAYWABD, (ZAL1FOBIN'CA DIESEL ENGINE Applicatlon mm August 21, 192a.mm m. ao2ao;.

/ This invention relates to Diesel engines, end espeeially to astructure whereby turbulence is promoted, better atomization und n1ixingof fuel end air insured, und general 5 efliciency. of the combustion orburning cycle increased.

In the operation of internal combustion engines, whether of the Otto orDiesel types, it has been found that turbulence ofthe explosive mixtureo1 the air during the burning cycle is an important factor as it notonly causes a more intimatemixture of the if uel end air with bettercombustion as the result, but it also promotes flame propagation, and

1 in general incxeases the efliciency of the bumin cycley 0 impartturbulence '01 movement to the air within the cylinder of a Dieselengine during the burning cycle is by 110 means new, as

20 numerous structures such as spec ifically shaped coxhbustionchambers, pi stons baflles etc. hzive been used, but I have discoveredthat the structure employed, und the position of the nozzle withrelation to the moving air reatly aflects the degree of fuelatomization, t e size, shape and location of the combustion chamber, theefliciency of eombustion, the rate of flame propagation etc. Havingobserved and reco ized these features, I have delesel en ine in whichthe combustion chamber is so s aped and positioned with relation to thecylinder that high turbulence or air velocity issecured, flamepropagation 'is promoted und the fuel injectedwhere the air' velocity isgreatest thus causing better atomization and intimate mixture of airandfuel. The invention is shown by wa.y of illustration in theaccompanying drawing, in m which: y

Fig. 1 is a lan section taken 0n hne II of F1g. 2, Fig. 2 is a centralvertical seaction of the cylinder head and the upper end of the cylinderof a Diesel engine constructed according to the present invention.

Referring to the drawing in detail, A indicates a standard form 'ofDiesel engine cylinder, 2 the main working piston, 3 the inlet valve, 4the exhaust valve, B the cylinder head, and'C the spray nozzle wherebyfuel is injected.

.Any suitable type of spray nozzle may be employed, for instance Spraynozzles having a fixed discharge orifiee, or mechanically actuated s raynozzleswhereby the injection is contro led by a valve, such as indicatedat 6. By referring'to Fig. 2 it will be noted that the combustionchamber indicated at D is formed in the cylihder head, and that it islocated slightly above the main cylinder und at one side thereof. ltwill also be noted that one end of the combustion Chamber communicateswith the main cylinder through a communicating port or opening indicatedat 7. Itshould also be noted that the discharge ori- Y fice of the spraynozzle C is located duectly above the communicating opening 7, end thatsubstantially all the air-when 00m ressed is contained in the. combstioncham r D, as the piston at the upper end 0f its stroke substantiallycontacts With the cylihder hqad.

'Ihe shape of the combustion chamber, its osition W1th relation to theworking cyli1ider, and the position of the spray orifice 017 the nozzleare important features of the present invention.

First, by locating'the combusti0n chamber as shown, all 01 substantiallyall the .air during the compressin stroke is forced into the '80combustion chamber 'and.practically no air remains in the cylinderproper, es the clearance space between' the piston end the cylinder headwhen the piston reaches the top of its stroke is maintamed at a minimum.B

forcing or crowding all the ai'r from the cy inder into the combustiomchamber, great turbulence und high velocity is produced durting thecompression stroke, und turbulence and high velocity is also obtainedduring the burning or firing stroke, as all of the air must .rushbckthrough the communicating opening or assage 7 to re-enter thecylinder durin'g the downward stroke of the piston. It is due to theshape and position of the combus-. tion chamber that this turbulence isproduced.

Secondly, by placing the spray nozzle adjacent the assage 7 where theturbulence 01' air velocity will naturally be the highest, bet teratomization is obtained, as the oil is injected a ainsthe air which isrushing from che com usti0nchamber back into the cylin der. A moreintimate mixture of air and oil is at the same time obtained und due tothe turbulence and velocity flame -propagation is promoted.

'Third, the roblem 0f fuel spray penetration, Chat is, impingement ofthe spray again'st adjacent hol; surfac'es is also substantiallyprevented, as the fuel is injected in a highly atomized conditiondirectl a einst the air which is passing under higlZ ve ocity from thecombustion chamber into the cylinder. Hence, it is possible to.construct a comparatively small short combustion chamber,

' as shown in Figs. 1' and 2.

While the invent1on 1s particularly intended for use in conjunction witha System df injecting fuel such as described in my co-pendingapfplication entitled Methocl and ap;mratus or preparing fuel forcombustion I wish it understood that such fuel injecting system is notessential as it is obvious that it might be used in conjunction with afuel nozzle of the solid injection type, und also with a. spray nozzlewhere air atomization i s employed.

I also wish it understood that while cer- -tain features o f the presentinvention are more or less specifically described, various changes maybe resorted to within the scoge of the appended claims, similarly, thatmaterials and finishes of the several parts employed may be such as themanufacturer may decide, or varying conditions or uses maydemand.

Having thus describe d my invention what I [claim und desire to secureby Letters iatent 1s:

l. In a Diesel engine, a c'ylinder, a. head, a

combusion chamber formed in the head at 'one side of the cylinder, saidcombustion chamber having its l1ottom wall in substanti ail alignmentwith the top of the cylinder, sa1d cylinder and head forming a passagebetween seid combustion chamber and cylinder, and a fuel jet in seidpassage having fuel passages extending parallel tq the bottom wall ofthe combustion chamber.

2. In a Diesel engine, a. cylinder havin a piston, a, head, having acombustion cham r formed therein at one side of-the cylinder, sa'idcombustion chamber hav ing an overlapping relation with said cylinder toform a commuhicating passageway, und a fuel jet opening into thecombustion chamber at the overlapping portion thereof above said pistonarranged to inject fuel at right angles to th e cylinder axis.

3. In a Diesel engine, a cyli1'1der and a head having cooperatingsurfaces forming a combustion chamber oifset radially and axially fromthe cylinder, said surfaces also forming a communicatin passagewaybetween the combust ion cham er und the cylinder, inlet und exhaust Valves in the corhbfistion cham bar, .a nd a, fuel spray nozzle adjacent the

